The explosive entry of CFLs into the marketplace is a sign of how ready consumers are to reduce power bills and cut air pollution. In Europe and Australia, the curly fluorescent lamps already have come to dominate buyers' preference. The same thing is happening, only slightly slower, in North America.
But halogen lights impress discriminating homeowners with the natural quality of their illumination over any fluorescent sources available. In , when Fridrich first saw that white light in a Nela Park lab, it blew him away. He was working on units that would create enough heat to bake freshly painted sheet metal, including cars and the coatings manufacturers put on industrial equipment.
But he had the freedom to explore other directions in the prototypes he was using for his experiments. A little iodine in the sealed atmosphere surrounding the tungsten filament, he knew, would permit a higher burning temperature.
And the right engineering would eliminate lamp blackening, which had plagued other lighting efforts. He fiddled with his prototype. Then he and an associate cranked up the most intense light they had ever seen. The use GE found for it, for the most part, was as a lamp for 8mm movie projectors and slide projectors. They sold millions over the years.
Fridrich said his compensation for such a development was slight. I was a machinist working there with all these Ph. He retired in the s but didn't resume working on halogens until the past few years. His interest led him to uncover shortcomings of the year-old technology.
He put his still-agile mind to work solving halogen lamps' problems. In order to create safe bulbs without the thick protective glass of currently available bulbs, he split the tiny units that produce illumination. A few other engineering tweaks to how the filaments work in their quartz packages made the lamps more efficient and lighter, and cut the cost of making them. She and Fridrich's consultant, Dennis Dannemiller, are working to find ways to turn her father's work into a business.
If you can raise the temperature of the filament lamp will shine brighter. For all this problems - halogen lamp is a solution. Not without flaws, of course. Halogen lamp is a sort of incandescent lamp with a small amount of some halogen gas, most commonly iodine or bromine, as an atmosphere in a quartz or aluminosilicate glass bulb.
In ordinary incandescent lamps, tungsten evaporates under the influence of the heat and deposits on the inner surface of the glass bulb darkening its surface. Major characteristic of the halogen lamp is relation between tungsten and halogen gas in the glass bulb so-called halogen cycle. When tungsten evaporates, it reacts with halogen forming the halide, which does not deposit on the glass.
When halide gets close to the tungsten, which has high temperature it dissolves into tungsten, which returns to filament, and to halogen, which returns to atmosphere in the bulb, to react again. They are known for moderately high efficiency, quality of light, and high rated life compared to regular incandescent lamps. The early history of the halogen lamp parallels that of the incandescent.
The usage of chlorine to prevent blackening of the lamp was patented in In , General Electric patented a commercially viable halogen lamp using iodine as the halogen gas. A halogen lamp functions identically to an incandescent lamp, with one notable exception: The halogen cycle. In a typical incandescent lamp, tungsten slowly evaporates from the burning filament. This causes blackening of the lamp, which decreases light output and reduces life.
Halogen lamps are largely able to eliminate this problem because the halogen gas reacts chemically with the evaporated tungsten to prevent it from affixing to the glass. Some tungsten is returned to the filament, which also serves to increase the rated life of the lamp.
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