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Probably just the neighbours talking. Walls are thin in my house. It might be burglars discussing how to best rob me. Frank is the worst one, he keeps telling me my family are keeping me under surveillance and going to imprison me.
He was my best friend from childhood before he died in that car accident. Ignore it. Grab a kitchen towel or cloth and wipe it up. No point leaving a job unfinished. Dab it on your finger and taste it. Don rubber gloves and wipe down the whole work surface with heavy-duty cleaner.
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Get involved. Become a campaigner Sign up today Become a campaigner. Get help now. Advice and information About mental illness Learn more about conditions Personality disorders. Personality disorders This section tells you what personality disorders are, what the symptoms are, and how you can get treatment.
If you would like more advice or information you can contact our Advice and Information Service by clicking here. Download Personality disorders factsheet. Share: Contact us:. Overview A personality disorder can affect how you cope with life, manage relationships, how you behave, and how you feel.
There are different types of personality disorders. There is no single cause of personality disorder. It is likely to be a combination of reasons, including genetic and environmental causes. Talking therapies are recommended as treatment for personality disorders. You can have a personality disorder alongside other mental health problems, such as anxiety and depression.
Need more advice? If you need more advice or information you can contact our Advice and Information Service. Contact us Contact us. About What are personality disorders?
You may also do other things such as drink heavily, use drugs, or self harm to cope. You can find more information about: Anxiety disorders by clicking here. Doctors use guidelines for diagnosing mental health problems. When making a diagnosis your doctor will: think about your symptoms, and compare them to the guidelines. Cluster A personality disorders People with cluster A personality disorders can find it hard to relate to other people. Cluster B personality disorders People with cluster B personality disorders can find it hard to control their emotions.
Cluster C personality disorders People with cluster C personality disorders have strong feelings of fear or anxiety. What causes personality disorders? These can include: biological factors, when it is passed on through your genes, and the environment around you when you were growing up. Treatment How are personality disorders treated? The options for treating personality disorders are continuously developing.
You and your doctor or healthcare team should agree on a treatment plan that works best for you. If your GP feels you have a complex personality disorder, they may refer you to a: community mental health team, or specialist personality disorder service or unit, if there is one locally.
The following treatments can help if you have a personality disorder: Cognitive behavioural therapy CBT CBT can help you to change how you think and what you do. These are both linked to how you feel. A course of DBT usually takes place over 18 months. Cognitive analytical therapy CAT CAT helps you recognise relationship patterns that can cause you problems and are difficult to change. This type of therapy can usually last between 4 — 24 weeks. But on average lasts 16 weeks. You and your therapist will agree the end goal at the start of the therapy.
Mentalisation based therapy MBT Mentalising is about making sense of what other people think, need, or want. Psychodynamic or psychoanalytic therapy This type of long-term therapy is a therapeutic process which helps patients understand and resolve their problems. Therapeutic communities A therapeutic community is a place you would get long-term group therapy. You can find out more about: Antidepressants by clicking here.
Mood stabilisers by clicking here. Antipsychotics by clicking here. Care Programme Approach Having a personality disorder may put you at risk, mean you have a lot of needs, and need a high level of care. Advocacy You might find an advocate helpful if you are unhappy with your treatment. Linked Problems What problems can be linked to personality disorders?
Diagnosis Doctors sometimes find it difficult to diagnose personality disorders. Personality disorders are complex. The symptoms may not easily fit into any one of the clusters. If you use drugs or drink alcohol a lot, it can make it more difficult for health professionals to reach a correct diagnosis. Some doctors are reluctant to give this diagnosis.
Jenny's Story. Services and recovery The Department of Health says that people with personality disorders should be able to get the right care and services. For more mental health resources, see our National Helpline Database.
Treatments for depressive disorders often involve a combination of psychotherapy and medications. Click below to listen now.
Substance-related disorders are those that involve the use and abuse of different substances such as cocaine, methamphetamine, opiates, and alcohol.
These disorders may include substance-induced conditions that can result in many associated diagnoses including intoxication, withdrawal, the emergence of psychosis, anxiety, and delirium. Examples of substance-related disorders:. The DSM-5 also includes gambling disorder under this classification.
The American Psychiatric Association explains that this change "reflects the increasing and consistent evidence that some behaviors, such as gambling, activate the brain reward system with effects similar to those of drugs of abuse and that gambling disorder symptoms resemble substance use disorders to a certain extent. Neurocognitive disorders are characterized by acquired deficits in cognitive function. Types of cognitive disorders include:. Delirium is also known as acute confusional state.
This disorder develops over a short period of time—usually a few hours or a few days—and is characterized by disturbances in attention and awareness. Major and mild neurocognitive disorders have the primary feature of acquired cognitive decline in one or more areas including memory, attention, language, learning, and perception.
It is a complex, long-term condition that affects about one percent of people in the United States. The DSM-5 diagnostic criteria specify that two or more symptoms of schizophrenia must be present for a period of at least one month. One symptom must be one of the following:. The second symptom may be one of the following:.
Diagnosis also requires significant impairments in social or occupational functioning for a period of at least six months. The onset of schizophrenia is usually in the late teens or early 20s, with men usually showing symptoms earlier than women. Earlier signs of the condition that may occur before diagnosis include poor motivation, difficult relationships, and poor school performance.
The National Institute of Mental Health suggests that multiple factors may play a role in causing schizophrenia including genetics, brain chemistry, environmental factors, and substance use. While there is no cure for schizophrenia, there are treatments available that make it possible to manage the symptoms of the condition. Treatments usually incorporate antipsychotic medications, psychotherapy, self-management, education, and social support.
Obsessive-compulsive and related disorders is a category of psychiatric conditions that include:. Each condition in this classification has its own set of diagnostic criteria. The diagnostic criteria in the DSM-5 specify that in order to be diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder, a person must experience obsessions, compulsions, or both.
The obsessions and compulsions must also be time-consuming, taking up an hour or more per day, or cause significant distress or functional impairment, must not be attributable to another medical condition or substance use, and must not be better explained by another psychiatric condition such as generalized anxiety disorder.
Treatments for OCD usually focus on a combination of therapy and medications. Antidepressants such as clomipramine or fluoxetine may also be prescribed to manage symptoms. Personality disorders are characterized by an enduring pattern of maladaptive thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that can cause serious detriments to relationships and other life areas.
Antisocial personality disorder is characterized by a long-standing disregard for rules, social norms, and the rights of others. People with this disorder typically begin displaying symptoms during childhood, have difficulty feeling empathy for others, and lack remorse for their destructive behaviors. Avoidant personality disorder involves severe social inhibition and sensitivity to rejection.
Such feelings of insecurity lead to significant problems with the individual's daily life and functioning. Borderline personality disorder is associated with symptoms including emotional instability, unstable and intense interpersonal relationships, unstable self-image, and impulsive behaviors. Dependent personality disorder involves a chronic pattern of fearing separation and an excessive need to be taken care of.
People with this disorder will often engage in behaviors that are designed to produce care-giving actions in others. Histrionic personality disorder is associated with patterns of extreme emotionality and attention-seeking behaviors.
People with this condition feel uncomfortable in settings where they are not the center of attention, have rapidly changing emotions, and may engage in socially inappropriate behaviors designed to attract attention from others.
Narcissistic personality disorder is associated with a lasting pattern of exaggerated self-image, self-centeredness, and low empathy. People with this condition tend to be more interested in themselves than with others.
Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder is a pervasive pattern of preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, inflexibility, and mental and interpersonal control. This is a different condition than obsessive compulsive disorder OCD. Paranoid personality disorder is characterized by a distrust of others, even family, friends, and romantic partners.
People with this disorder perceive others intentions as malevolent, even without any evidence or justification. Schizoid personality disorder involves symptoms that include being detached from social relationships. People with this disorder are directed toward their inner lives and are often indifferent to relationships. They generally display a lack of emotional expression and can appear cold and aloof.
Schizotypal personality disorder features eccentricities in speech, behaviors, appearance, and thought. People with this condition may experience odd beliefs or "magical thinking" and difficulty forming relationships. Psychological disorders can cause disruptions in daily functioning, relationships, work, school, and other important domains.
With appropriate diagnosis and treatment, however, people can find relief from their symptoms and discover ways to cope effectively. Ever wonder what your personality type means? Sign up to find out more in our Healthy Mind newsletter.
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